Seismic model specification subroutine package MODEL (general description)

Version 5.10 Date: 1997, October 25 Authors: Petr Bulant Department of Geophysics, Charles University Prague Ke Karlovu 3 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic E-mail: bulant@seis.karlov.mff.cuni.cz Vlastislav Cerveny Department of Geophysics, Charles University Prague Ke Karlovu 3 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic E-mail: vcerveny@seis.karlov.mff.cuni.cz Ludek Klimes Department of Geophysics, Charles University Prague Ke Karlovu 3 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic E-mail: klimes@seis.karlov.mff.cuni.cz Ivan Psencik Geophysical Institute, Acad. Sci. Czech Rep. Bocni II, 1401 141 31 Praha 4, Czech Republic E-mail: ip@ig.cas.cz This is just a general overview, the detailed description of input data, procedures, and other important topics is included within the individual FORTRAN77 source code files. References: Cerveny V., Klimes L. and Psencik I. (1988): Complete seismic-ray tracing in three-dimensional structures. In: Seismological Algorithms, ed. Doornbos D.J., Academic Press, New York. The above paper contains detailed description of the model construction and is frequently referred throughout the FORTRAN77 code of model specification routines. The references like (C.R.T.5.4) or (5.4) are related to the paper. The detailed description of the input data, subroutine and function parameters, and other specifications not contained in the paper, is included within the individual source code files. Cline, A.K. (1974): Scalar- and planar-valued curve fitting using splines under tension. Commun. ACM, 17, 218-220. Cline, A.K. (1974): Algorithm 476 -- Six subprograms for curve fitting using splines under tension. Commun. ACM, 17, 220-223. Cline, A.K. (1981): FITPACK -- software package for curve and surface fitting employing splines under tension. Dept. of Comp. Sci., Univ. of Texas, Austin. These references are related to the interpolation subroutines located in file 'fit.for'. Model specification: The way of building the model is concisely described in the above paper on C.R.T. The model building technique is independent of the coordinate system, independent of the method used to specify and interpolate the surfaces covering structural interfaces, and independent of the functions describing the distribution of material properties within the individual complex geological blocks. The basic subroutines to deal with general blocky geological structures are located within the source code file 'model.for'. Among them, the most important subroutine is BLOCK determining the relation of a given point with respect to geological blocks. The data describing the model topology are described within the source code file 'model.for'. To specify a particular model, the following routines should be available: METR1 (file 'metric.for')... Memorizes the type of the model coordinate system. KOOR (file 'metric.for')... Recalls the type of the model coordinate system (zero for Cartesian coordinates). METRIC (file 'metric.for')... Evaluates the metric tensor and Christoffel symbols at a given point. CARTES (file 'metric.for')... Transforms the model coordinates to Cartesian coordinates. Not employed within the complete ray tracing, used rather for model imaging. SRFC1 (file 'srfc.for')... Reads the input data for smooth surfaces. SRFC2 (file 'srfc.for')... Evaluates functions describing the smooth surfaces. PARM1 (file 'parm.for')... Reads the input data for the material parameters of the model. PARM2 (file 'parm.for')... Evaluates the material parameters of a given complex geological block at a given point. To deal with the first order model variations for the purposes of inverse problems, the routines VAR1 to VAR5 should be called properly during the evaluation of functions describing surfaces or material properties in order to memorize the variations. The invocations of VAR1 to VAR5 are irrelevant for forward modelling. These invocations are denoted by '*V' in the first two columns of source code (files 'model.for', 'parm.for', 'val.for', and 'fit.for'). The source code lines with '*V' should be modified or removed by means of the program 'clean.for' or a text editor. When submitting different subroutines SRFC2 and PARM2 while dealing with inverse problems, the user is responsible for proper invocation of routines VAR1 to VAR5. ...................................................................... The model specification subroutine package MODEL consists of the following FORTRAN77 source code and demo files: (A) Documentation: 'modeldoc.htm'... This file containing a brief overview of the MODEL package. The detailed description of input data, procedures, and other important topics is included within the individual FORTRAN77 source code files. (B) General subroutines dealing with blocky geological structures: 'model.for'... Subroutines reading input data to specify a blocky seismic model for complete ray tracing (see C.R.T.3.2.1), routines to determine the position of a given point with respect to geological blocks and structural interfaces, and other auxiliary subroutines related to the model (see C.R.T.3.3). These routines assume a general form of user-defined subroutines METR1 (file 'metric.for') to define the coordinate system. 'modelv.for'... Version of 'model.for' for inverse problems. 'model.inc'... Include file with COMMON blocks for 'model.for'. (C) Sample user-defined model specification routines required for forward modelling: 'metric.for'... Subroutine evaluating the metric tensor and Christoffel symbols at a given point (see C.R.T.2), and the related subroutines and external functions. Any user-defined coordinate system may simply be introduced by modification of these subroutines. 'metric.inc'... Include file with COMMON block for 'metric.for'. 'srfc.for'... Subroutines for specification and interpolation, in rectangular grids, of the functions describing smooth surfaces in the model (see C.R.T.3.2.2). Any user-defined surfaces may simply be included within the whole system by modification of these subroutines. 'parm.for'... Subroutines for specification and interpolation, in rectangular grids, of the material parameters within individual complex blocks in the model (see C.R.T.3.2.3). Any user-defined spatial distribution of material properties may simply be included within the whole system by modification of these subroutines. 'parmv.for'... Version of 'parm.for' for inverse problems. 'val.for'... Subroutines controlling function specification and interpolation. Designed to perform the interpolation of a set of functions in a rectangular grid, employing splines under tension. These subroutines are referred by the subroutines of files 'srfc', 'parm', and sample complete ray tracing source code file 'init'. 'valv.for'... Version of 'val.for' for inverse problems. 'val.inc'... Include file with COMMON block for 'val.for'. 'fit.for'... Some routines taken from Cline's software package 'FITPACK', called by the subroutines of the package 'val' to perform the spline-under-tension interpolation. Note that not all of the subroutines of the software package 'fit' are used at the same time. 'fitv.for'... Version of 'fit.for' for inverse problems. 'auxmod.inc'... Include file with COMMON block containing auxiliary storage locations for local model parameters required to call subroutines METRIC, SRFC2, PARM2 and VELOC. (D) Additional model specification routines related to inverse modelling: 'var.for'... Subroutine VAR1 and its entries VAR2, VAR3, VAR4 and VAR5 are called from the model-treating subroutine packages in order to keep in the memory variations of the functions describing the model, with respect to their coefficients. The variations are required for the travel-time inversion of the model and are recalled from the memory by calling the entry VAR6. 'varnul.for'... Empty versions of the subroutine VAR1 and its entries VAR2 to VAR6 called from the model-treating subroutine files in order to keep in the memory variations of the functions describing the model, with respect to their coefficients. The variations are required for the travel-time inversion of the model, see also the subroutine file 'var.for'. In the case of forward modelling, the variations are useless. 'spsp.for'... Subroutines evaluating the Sobolev scalar products of variations of the functions describing the model, with respect to their coefficients. This raw low-level version is related rather to the low-level 'fit.for' subroutines than to 'srfc.for' and 'parm.for' model specification subroutines. (E) Service routines useful to handle the model and to perform some calculations: 'means.for'... Service subroutines facilitating the work with the model. E.g., subroutine CROSS determining the point of intersection of a given curve with a given surface described by a general subroutine SRFC2 of 'srfc.for', subroutine CDE searching for the point of intersection of the given curve with the boundaries of the complex block based on the subroutine BLOCK of 'model.dat', or subroutine SMVPRD mutually transforming covariant and contravariant coordinates of a vector. These routines are employed by complete ray tracing and by model imaging routines 'modsec.for'. 'hpcg.for'... Subroutine of the IBM Scientific Subroutine Package solving a system of general first order ordinary differential equations with given initial values. It is called, e.g., by the subroutine RAYCB of the complete ray tracing source code file 'raycb.for'. 'rkgs.for'... Subroutine of the IBM Scientific Subroutine Package solving a system of general first order ordinary differential equations with given initial values. It is called, e.g., by the subroutines of the file 'modsec.for'. (F) Sample application programs and routines working with the model: 'modchk.for'... Program checking the model consistency. 'grid.for'... Program generating velocities in a rectangular grid required for full wave finite differences, shortest path calculation of seismic rays, eikonal equation 'finite differences', raster imaging of the model, or debugging purposes. 'sec.for'... Program to determine interfaces and velocity isolines in 2-D sections of a 3-D seismic model. May be used to generate a wireframe representing some model properties to be displayed, or to approximate interfaces 'sec.inc'... Include file with COMMON blocks for 'sec.for'. by small tetragonal facets for display purposes. 'intf.for'... Program to check the positions of given points with respect to interfaces in the model. 'inv3.for'... Program designed to update the input data for a function describing the model according to the results of a tomographic inversion. The tomographic inversion proper is not included. 'inv4.for'... A simple program designed to subtract two sets of grid values of a function describing the model: GRID1-GRID2=GRID3. (G) Source code editing program: 'clean.for'... Program to modify the lines with a given letter in the first column. 'mod.bat'... Sample MS-DOS batch file demonstrating how to convert model specification routines 'model.for', 'parm.for', 'val.for' and 'fit.for' for forward modelling programs into the model specification routines 'modelv.for', 'parmv.for', 'valv.for' and 'fitv.for', for inverse modelling programs. (H) Demo files: 'model.dat'... Sample input data for the model specification routines. The 3-D model consists of two layers and of the lenticular inclusion with edges, situated in the upper layer, see the schematic Figure 5 in the paper on C.R.T. mentioned above. The data are read by the subroutine MODEL1 of 'model.for' with the help from the subroutines of files 'srfc.for', 'parm.for', 'val.for', and 'fit.for'. 'modchk.dat'... Sample additional input data for the 'modchk.for' program, supplementing data 'model.dat' with the specification of the free-space simple block. 'grid.dat'... Sample main input data for the 'grid.for' program. 'gridnet.dat'... Additional input data file for the 'grid.for' program, referred in 'grid.dat'. 'sec.dat'... Sample input data for the 'sec.for' program to generate the file with isolines. 'sec-pts.dat'... Sample input data for the 'sec.for' program to generate the file with points at structural interfaces. 'inv3.dat'... Sample additional input data file for the INV3 program, containing the specification of the rectangular grid for the discretization of the P-wave velocity in the 1-st complex block. 'len-grd.bat'... MS-DOS batch file to display 2-D velocity sections across the demo model 'model.dat'. 'fmod.bat'... MS-DOS batch file for Lahey Fortran 77 compiler driven by means of predefined batch file L.BAT. 'fmod'..Unix script to compile the MODEL package by means of predefined script 'f'. (I) Subdirectories with data files related to particular models: 'sd'... Salt dome model and dislocated salt dome model. 'slit'..Slit model. 'wb'... Western Bohemia a priori model. 'l7'... Model L7. 'mar'...INRIA bench-mark versions of the 2-D Marmousi model. ...................................................................... Compilation and linking: All Fortran 77 source code and include files are assumed to be located in a single directory when being compiled and linked. The files with main programs contain, at their ends, Fortran 90 INCLUDE command for all subroutine files required. In this way, each program may simply be compiled and linked as a single file. All filenames are assumed to be expressed in lowercase (since version 5.00) which should be more convenient than uppercase on Unix systems. Fortran 77 source code files have extension '.for'. The corresponding files with specifications of the COMMON blocks have extension '.inc' and are included in the Fortran 77 source code by means of Fortran 90 INCLUDE command. Notes on linking: Model specification routines (B) and (C) for forward modelling are likely to be required by all applications. Example: 'grid.for' program linked with all files of (B) and (C). In addition, some of service routines (E) are required by some applications. Example 1: 'sec.for' program linked with the files 'modsec.for', 'means.for', 'rkgs.for', and all files of (B) and (C). Example 2: complete ray tracing program and routines linked with 'means.for', 'hpcg.for', and all files of (B) and (C). Inverse modelling programs are likely to require model specification routines (B) and (C) for forward modelling together with the model specification routines (D) for inverse modelling. Do not forget to use the versions with '*V' in the first two columns of source code replaced by a pair of spaces. ...................................................................... Running the executable programs: Within the FORTRAN77 source code submitted with this package, all programs read main input data from the * interactive unit. MS-DOS example: Executable program named, e.g., PROG.EXE may be run with single-line main input data 'DATA' 1 2 3 'END' / in at least three different ways: (a) Running the program by entering PROG from the MS-DOS command line, then entering data 'DATA' 1 2 3 'END' / (b) Redirection: storing 'DATA' 1 2 3 'END' / into a file named, e.g., prog.tmp (e.g., by entering ECHO 'DATA' 1 2 3 'END' / >prog.tmp ), then entering PROG